Clinical case study: CBT for depression in a Puerto Rican adolescent: challenges and variability in treatment response.

BACKGROUND There is ample evidence of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression in adolescents, including Puerto Rican adolescents. However, there is still a high percentage of adolescents who do not respond to a standard "dose" of 12 sessions of CBT. This clinical case study explores the characteristics associated with treatment response in a Puerto Rican adolescent and illustrates the challenges and variability inherent in CBT treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth. METHODS The patient is a 15-year-old adolescent female who at pretreatment presented a diagnosis of MDD with severe depressive symptoms, high suicidal ideation, low self-concept, and highly dysfunctional attitudes. CBT treatment consisted of 12 standard individual therapy sessions plus four additional sessions, and one family intervention. A case study method was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data for the case are presented using self-report instruments, clinical case notes and recordings of therapy sessions. RESULTS Some of the characteristics she presented that have been associated with partial or no response to therapy were: increased severity of depressive symptoms, a prior MDD episode, co-morbidity with other mental disorders, and significant parental conflict. At termination the patient presented decreases in depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and suicidal ideation, as well as improvements in self-concept. These improvements were maintained up to 1 year posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS Cultural issues are discussed in terms of the potential for parental conflict to perpetuate the patient's depressive symptoms.